How does temperature affect the rate of convection?

Temperature significantly influences the rate of convection due to its effect on molecular movement. As temperature rises, the energy of the molecules in the fluid also increases. This increased energy causes the molecules to move more vigorously and collide more frequently with each other.

When warmer regions of a fluid are heated, the molecules in those areas become less dense compared to the surrounding cooler regions. This decrease in density causes the warmer fluid to rise, while the cooler fluid, being denser, descends. This process creates a continuous circulation pattern known as convection currents.

Thus, higher temperatures enhance molecular activity, resulting in a more rapid and effective convection process, making it the correct response to the question about how temperature affects the rate of convection.